The chaetognatha of the Eastropic Expedition, with notes as to their possible value as indicators of hydrographic conditions

ENGLISH: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that certain species of Chaetognatha found in Eastern Tropical Pacific waters can serve as biological indicators of oceanographic features. "Indicator" organisms have been found useful in identifying water types, in tracing the pattern of current systems, and in tracing the origin of moving water masses. To be of use in this type of study, the organisms must be sufficiently abundant to be readily sampled, and easily identified to species; they must also, at least partially, fulfill the additional requisites listed and discussed by Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming (1942, pp. 866-867). Among several groups of organisms fulfilling these requirements are the Chaetognatha. Specimens of this group of animals occurred in large numbers in the plankton samples used for this study. The works of Thomson (1947), Fraser (1942), Ritter-Zahony (1911), and Sund (1959) were used for identification. SPANISH: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido el de investigar la posibilidad de utilizar ciertas especies de quetognatos encontrados en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical como indicadoras biológicas de características oceanográficas. Organismos "indicadores" fueron encontrados útiles para la identificación de tipos de agua, el trazado del régimen de los sistemas de corrientes y la determinación del origen de masas de agua en movimiento. Para servir a este tipo de estudios, los organismos deben ser lo suficientemente abundantes como para ser fácilmente muestreados e identificados hasta la especie; también deben satisfacer, por lo menos parcialmente, los requerimientos indicados y discutidos par Sverdrup, Johnson y Fleming (1942, pags. 866-867)

Prosocial behavior among human workers in robot-augmented production teams : a field-in-the-lab experiment

Human-machine interaction has raised a lot of interest in various academic disciplines, but it is still unclear how human-human interaction is affected when robots join the team. Robotics has already been integral to manufacturing since the 1970s. With the integration of AI, however, they are increasingly working alongside humans in shared spaces. We conducted an experiment in a learning factory to investigate how a change from a human-human work context to a hybrid human-robot work context affects participants\u27 valuation of their production output as well as their pro-sociality among each other. Learning factories are learning, teaching, and research environments in engineering university departments. These factory environments allow control over the production environment and incentives for participants. Our experiment suggests that the robot\u27s presence increases sharing behavior among human workers, but there is no evidence that rewards earned from production are valued differently. We discuss the implications of this approach for future studies on human-machine interaction

PLA/WOOD BIOCOMPOSITES: IMPROVING COMPOSITE STRENGTH BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE FIBERS

A resol type phenolic resin was prepared for the impregnation of wood particles used for the reinforcement of PLA. A preliminary study showed that the resin penetrates wood with rates depending on the concentration of the solution and on temperature. Treatment with a solution of 1 wt% resin resulted in a considerable increase of composite strength and decrease of water absorption. Composite strength improved as a result of increased inherent strength of the wood, but interfacial adhesion might be modified as well. When wood was treated with resin solutions of larger concentrations, the strength of the composites decreased, first slightly, then drastically to a very small value. A larger amount of resin results in a thick coating on wood with inferior mechanical properties. At large resin contents the mechanism of deformation changes; the thick coating breaks very easily leading to the catastrophic failure of the composites at very small loads

Frühe Hilfen für Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern - Forschungsergebnisse des Nationalen Zentrums Frühe Hilfen

Die Frühen Hilfen für Eltern mit Kindern von 0 bis 3 sind in Deutschland flächendeckend ausgebaut. Mit speziellen Angeboten für Eltern in Belastungslagen tragen sie dazu bei, Erziehungskompetenzen in Familien zu entwickeln und Kindern ein gesundes und geschütztes Aufwachsen zu ermöglichen. Ein großer Teil der Eltern, die in den Frühen Hilfen unterstützt werden, zeigt Anzeichen einer psychischen Erkrankung. Dies wird in der Praxis Früher Hilfen als besonders schwer zu bewältigende Herausforderung erlebt. Es gibt jedoch bislang nur wenig verlässliches Faktenwissen darüber, wie hoch der Anteil psychisch belasteter Familien in den Angeboten Früher Hilfen tatsächlich ist, welche Bedeutung eine psychische Erkrankung für die Versorgung der Familien hat und wie sich die Hilfesysteme - zum Wohle von Kindern und Eltern - weiter entwickeln müssen. Das Nationale Zentrum Frühe Hilfen (NZFH) hat den flächendeckenden Ausbau der Frühen Hilfen in Deutschland wissenschaftlich begleitet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Befunde zur Versorgung von Familien mit mindestens einem psychisch belasteten Elternteil aus mehreren Studien zusammengetragen, analysiert und diskutiert.In Germany, networks and measures of early childhood intervention (ECI) have been implemented nationwide. By specifically targeting families with multiple psychosocial challenges, ECI contributes to the enhancement of families’ parenting skills, in order to promote equal opportunities for all children to grow up healthy and safe. In many families supported by ECI measures at least one parent shows symptoms of a mental health disorder, which poses a major challenge to ECI practitioners. Nevertheless, there is a lack of valid scientific knowledge about the proportion of young families living with symptoms of mental disorders, the degree to which parents’ psychic burdens affect care in ECI measures and about the cooperation of different care providing systems. The National Center for Early Prevention (NCEP) monitors and evaluates the scaling up of ECI networks and measures in Germany. The present article compiles results of different NCEP studies focusing on parents with mental illness in Early Childhood Intervention. Results are discussed with regard to their relevance for further improving the care systems

Prosocial behavior among human workers in robot-augmented production teams—A field-in-the-lab experiment

IntroductionHuman-machine interaction has raised a lot of interest in various academic disciplines, but it is still unclear how human-human interaction is affected when robots join the team. Robotics has already been integral to manufacturing since the 1970s. With the integration of AI, however, they are increasingly working alongside humans in shared spaces.MethodsWe conducted an experiment in a learning factory to investigate how a change from a human-human work context to a hybrid human-robot work context affects participants' valuation of their production output as well as their pro-sociality among each other. Learning factories are learning, teaching, and research environments in engineering university departments. These factory environments allow control over the production environment and incentives for participants.ResultsOur experiment suggests that the robot's presence increases sharing behavior among human workers, but there is no evidence that rewards earned from production are valued differently.DiscussionWe discuss the implications of this approach for future studies on human-machine interaction

Is resistance to ischaemia of motor axons in diabetic subjects due to membrane depolarization?

The reasons for the resistance to ischaemia of peripheral nerves in diabetics are not well understood. We have now explored whether axonal depolarization underlies this phenomenon, as has previously been proposed. Resistance to ischaemia was determined by the new method of “threshold tracking”. This method revealed an increase in excitability of the peroneal nerve at the popliteal fossa during ischaemia, and a decrease in excitability in the post-ischaemic period. The extent of these alterations in 28 type 1 diabetics without peripheral neuropathy showed a strong correlation with the mean blood glucose concentrations during the last 24 h before examination. To test whether the ischaemic resistance was related to membrane potential, we also measured axonal superexcitability in 11 selected diabetics, since it has been shown that post-spike changes in excitability depend on membrane potential. Changes in excitability of the peroneal nerve were measured in the period between 10 and 30 msec following a conditioning supramaximal compound action potential. Under resting conditions, no differences in the post-spike superexcitability were found between controls and diabetics, despite striking differences in their responses to a 10-min pressure cuff. These observations indicate that membrane depolarization is not involved in the resistance to ischaemia of motor axons in diabetic subjects

Plectranthus amiculatus and P. altanmouiensis (Lamiaceae): new species from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia

Two new species of Plectranthus are described from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Plectranthus amiculatus and P. altanmouiensis have restricted distributions on the peninsular tip and Altanmoui range, respectively. Both species are illustrated and notes on habitat, distribution, affinities and conservation status are provided

Sagittarius A* Small Satellite Mission: Capabilities and Commissioning Preview

SSCI is leading a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)-funded team launching a mission in June 2021, dubbed Sagittarius A*, to demonstrate key hardware and software technologies for on-orbit autonomy, to provide a software testbed for on-orbit developmental test & autonomous mission operations, and to reduce risk for future constellation-level mission autonomy and operations. In this paper, we present the system CONOPs and capabilities, system architectures, flight and ground software development status, and initial commissioning status. The system will fly on Loft Orbital’s YAM-3 shared LEO satellite mission, and includes SSCI’s onboard autonomy software suite running on an Innoflight CFC-400 processor with onboard Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). The autonomy payload has attitude control authority over the spacecraft bus and command authority of the imaging payload, and performs fully-autonomous onboard request handling, resource & task allocation, collection execution, ATR, and detection downlinking. The system is capable of machine-to -machine tip-and-cue from offboard cueing sources via cloud-based integrations. Requests for mission data are submitted to the satellite throughout its orbit from a tactical user level via a smartphone application, and ISR data products are downlinked and displayed at the tactical level on an Android Tactical Assault Kit (ATAK) smartphone. Follow-on software updates can be sent to the autonomy suite as over-the-air updates for on-orbit testing at any time during the on-orbit life of the satellite. Communications include GlobalStar inter-satellite communications for low rate task and status monitoring, and ground station links for payload data downloads. Planned demonstrations and opportunities will be discussed